Kisah Para Rasul 17:31

17:31 because he has set ¹  a day on which he is going to judge the world ²  in righteousness, by a man whom he designated, ³  having provided proof to everyone by raising ⁴  him from the dead.”

Kisah Para Rasul 25:10

25:10 Paul replied, ⁵  “I am standing before Caesar’s ⁶  judgment seat, ⁷  where I should be tried. ⁸  I have done nothing wrong ⁹  to the Jews, as you also know very well. ¹⁰ 

[17:31]  ¹ tn Or “fixed.”

[17:31]  ² sn The world refers to the whole inhabited earth.

[17:31]  ³ tn Or “appointed.” BDAG 723 s.v. ὁρίζω 2.b has “of persons appoint, designate, declare: God judges the world ἐν ἀνδρὶ ᾧ ὥρισεν through a man whom he has appointed Ac 17:31.”

[17:31]  sn A man whom he designated. Jesus is put in the position of eschatological judge. As judge of the living and the dead, he possesses divine authority (Acts 10:42).

[17:31]  ⁴ tn The participle ἀναστήσας (anasthsa") indicates means here.

[25:10]  ⁵ tn Grk “said.”

[25:10]  ⁶ tn Or “before the emperor’s” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[25:10]  ⁷ tn Although BDAG 175 s.v. βῆμα 3 gives the meaning “tribunal” for this verse, and a number of modern translations use similar terms (“court,” NIV; “tribunal,” NRSV), since the bema was a standard feature in Greco-Roman cities of the time, there is no need for an alternative translation here. Here of course Paul’s reference to “Caesar’s judgment seat” is a form of metonymy; since Festus is Caesar’s representative, Festus’ judgment seat represents Caesar’s own.

[25:10]  sn The judgment seat (βῆμα, bhma) was a raised platform mounted by steps and sometimes furnished with a seat, used by officials in addressing an assembly or making pronouncements, often on judicial matters. The judgment seat was a familiar item in Greco-Roman culture, often located in the agora, the public square or marketplace in the center of a city.

[25:10]  ⁸ tn That is, tried by an imperial representative and subject to Roman law.

[25:10]  ⁹ sn “I have done nothing wrong.” Here is yet another declaration of total innocence on Paul’s part.

[25:10]  ¹⁰ tn BDAG 506 s.v. καλῶς 7 states, “comp. κάλλιον (for the superl., as Galen, Protr. 8 p. 24, 19J.=p. 10, 31 Kaibel; s. B-D-F §244, 2) ὡς καί σὺ κ. ἐπιγινώσκεις as also you know very well Ac 25:10.”